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Mughal–Persian Wars
The Mughal–Persian Wars were a series of wars fought in the 17th and 18th centuries between the Safavids and Afsharid Empires of Persia, and the Mughal Empire of India, over what is now Afghanistan. The Mughals consolidated their control of what is today India and Pakistan in the 16th century, and gradually came into conflict with the powerful Safavids and Afsharids, led by Ismail I and Nader Shah respectively. Apart from the brief recapture of Kandahar, the Mughals mostly suffered humiliating defeats by the military superior Persians, most notably being the complete sack and looting of Delhi by Nader Shah.
==War of 1622–23==
(詳細はKandahar, in Afghanistan, between the Safavid empire of Persia and the Mughal empire of India. It resulted in a clear Persian victory.
Having secured crushing victories against the Ottomans, Shah Abbas desired to capture the strategic fortress on Kandahar since he had lost it in 1595.〔Burton 1997, p. 159〕 In 1605 the governor of Herat, Hosayn Khan, besieged the city but the tenacious defense of the Mughal governor, Shah Beg Khan, and the arrival in the next year of a relieving Mughal army to Kandahar forced the Safavids to retreat.〔Iranica 2011〕〔Kohn 2007, p. 337〕 With the conclusion of the Ottoman-Safavid War (1603-1618), Shah Abbas was secure enough for a war on his eastern frontier, so in 1621 he ordered an army to gather at Nishapur. After celebrating the new year at Tabas Gilaki in southern Khorasan, Abbas joined with his army and marched on Kandahar where he arrived on 20 May and immediately began the siege. Though Jahangir had information of the Persian's movements he was too slow to respond, and without reinforcements the small garrison of 3,000 men could not hold for long against the superior Persian army.〔Chandra 2005, p. 221〕
The Emperor asked his son and heir apparent Khurram who was at Mandu in the Deccan to lead the campaign, but Khurram evaded the assignment fearing to lose his political power while he was away from court.〔Chandra 2005, p. 242〕 The relief force the Mughal's could assembled proved too small to raise the siege, so after a 45 day siege the city fell on 22 June followed shortly after by Zamindawar.〔Burton 1997, p. 160〕 After fortifying the city and appointing Ganj Ali Khan as governor of the city, Abbas returned to Khorasan via Ghur, subduing on the way troubling emirs in Chaghcharan and Gharjistan.〔Burton 1997, p. 161〕 The rebellion of Khurram absorbed the Mughal's attention, so in the spring of 1623 a Mughal envoy arrived at the Shah's camp with a letter from the Emperor accepting the loss of Kandahar and putting an end to the conflict.〔Burton 1997, p. 162〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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